Paste what you have copied :D
- Thread starter Chillingworth
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The directional derivative of a multivariate differentiable function along a given vector v at a given point x intuitively represents the instantaneous rate of change of the function, moving through x with a velocity specified by v. It therefore generalizes the notion of a partial derivative, in which the rate of change is taken along one of the coordinate curves, all other coordinates being constant.
...right. Totally didn't see that coming.
...right. Totally didn't see that coming.
IAintYoMama
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M(g) - e- → M+(g)
Further electrons may be removed giving successive i.e.:
M+(g) - e- → M2+(g)
This energy is usually quoted in units of kilojoules per mole (kJ mol-1).
Energy is required to remove an electron from any atom because there is an attractive force between the nucleus and the electron being removed which has to be overcome.
The value of the first ionisation energy depends upon:
The graphs of atomic number against first ionisation number show that across each period there is an increase in ionisation energy.
Further electrons may be removed giving successive i.e.:
M+(g) - e- → M2+(g)
This energy is usually quoted in units of kilojoules per mole (kJ mol-1).
Energy is required to remove an electron from any atom because there is an attractive force between the nucleus and the electron being removed which has to be overcome.
The value of the first ionisation energy depends upon:
- The effective nuclear charge
- The distance between the electron and the nucleus
- The 'shielding' produced by lower energy levels
The graphs of atomic number against first ionisation number show that across each period there is an increase in ionisation energy.
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DarkHender
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